India’s GDP growth had been on the decline even before the pandemic struck earlier last year. From a growth rate of 8.3 per cent in FY’17, the GDP expansion had dipped to 6.8 per cent and 6.5 per cent in the following two years and to 4 per cent in 2019-20.
In the Covid-ravaged 2020-21 fiscal (April 2020 to March 2021), the economy is projected to have contracted by up to 8 per cent. The low base of FY’21 was seen aiding a double-digit growth rate in the current fiscal before moderating to 6.8 per cent in FY’23.
The RBI has projected FY’22 GDP growth at 10.5 per cent, while IMF puts it at 12.5 per cent. The World Bank sees 2021-22 growth at 10.1 per cent.
The pandemic caseload in India has been surging hitting new records everyday for the past fortnight. The latest official number puts the daily infections at 2.61 lakh in the past 24 hours and 1,501 deaths.
“India is in the midst of a resurgence of COVID-19 cases, with the daily case count two times the 2020 peak. If the efforts to get the virus under control are successful over the coming weeks, we think recovery should gather steam from Q2 FY’22 onward,” UBS said revising its FY’22 real GDP growth forecast to 10 per cent year-on-year (previously 11.5 per cent).
UBS expected current mobility restrictions to remain in place until end-May and then be lifted, and assume activity is largely back to normal by end-June. “Even as these measures are likely to dampen economic activity, we think the impact will be much lower than in 2020, as containment measures are quite targeted and households and businesses have adjusted to the ‘new normal’.”
In its alternate risk scenario, where disruptions could last longer, there is a risk India’s real GDP could slow by a much larger magnitude, to 3-5 per cent in FY22, it said.
Citi Research said while restrictions are much less stringent compared to last year, they are rising as Covid cases continue to mount.
“Covid cases are concentrated around economically important states like Maharashtra, Gujrat and Delhi. Accounting for both the restriction and sentiment channel, we have revised down our FY’22 real GDP forecast to 12 per cent year-on-year (vs 12.5 per cent earlier). Downward revisions are led more by services and private consumption than industry,” it said.
If the Covid situation, it said, is not brought under control then there could be a period of multiple growth revisions like in last year.
Stating that it sees a ‘W’ shaped recovery and not ‘V’ shaped, Citi said Q1 FY’22 real GDP growth is seen 28 per cent.
Credit Suisse said daily new cases are double of last peak in September 2020.
“The spike in active cases across most districts (is) causing panic and shortages,” it said adding the rapid spread means it will be less protracted too.
Unlike the stringent nationwide lockdown imposed last year to contain spread of coronavirus, “lockdowns are likely to be localised, short-lived, and less stringent than last year,” it said.
Stating that Maharashtra lockdown is an aberration, Credit Suisee said the it would shut 15 per cent of GDP for 15 days.
Other states are using night curfews, limits on large gatherings and weekend restrictions.
“If GDP restrictions are 5 per cent ex-Maharashtra till end-May, and Maharashtra lifts by end-April, FY22 impact will be 1 per cent,” it said. “Macro supportive, business momentum unlikely to hurt if restrictions are short-lived.”
Wall Street brokerage Bank of America (BofA) Securities said the spike in coronavirus cases poses a risk to economic recovery, and the GDP is unlikely to achieve the earlier projected 3 per cent growth for March quarter 2020-21.
Stating that a month-long nationwide lockdown can shave off 100-200 basis points off the GDP, it said growth is still weak, amplified by the steep fall in key economic activity indicators and the anaemic loan growth, and the surging pandemic cases is only increasing the worries on the growth front.
Fitch Solutions said there is a third wave of Covid-19 infections creeping into India.
After some success in curbing the virus considerably, India’s economy had returned to functioning normally by the second half of 2020. “However, over recent weeks, the virus has started spreading rapidly, partly due to complacency on the social distancing measures and mask wearing policies,” it said. “India lags far behind in immunisations per capita. Unprecedented crisis has highlighted the need to increase investment in the healthcare sector in the country.”
